सम्यक् आजीविका

“सम्यक् आजीविका के हो? यहाँ आर्यहरूको शिष्यले बेइमानीपूर्ण आजीविका त्यागेर सम्यक् आजीविकाद्वारा जीवन चलाउँछ: यसलाई सम्यक् आजीविका भनिन्छ।”

"And what is right livelihood? There is the case where a disciple of the noble ones, having abandoned dishonest livelihood, keeps his life going with right livelihood: This is called right livelihood."

“व्यग्घपज्ज, यहाँ गृहस्थले आफ्नो आय र व्यय जानेर न फजुलखर्ची न कन्जुस भई सन्तुलित जीवन बिताउँछ। यसरी आफ्नो आय खर्चभन्दा बढी रहोस्, खर्च आयभन्दा बढी नहोस् भन्ने जान्दछ।

"Herein, Vyagghapajja, a householder knowing his income and expenses leads a balanced life, neither extravagant nor miserly, knowing that thus his income will stand in excess of his expenses, but not his expenses in excess of his income.

“जसरी सुनार वा उसको शिष्यले तराजु उठाउँदा कति तल झुक्यो र कति माथि उठ्यो भन्ने जान्दछ, त्यसैगरी गृहस्थले आफ्नो आय र व्यय जानेर न फजुलखर्ची न कन्जुस भई सन्तुलित जीवन बिताउँछ। यसरी आफ्नो आय खर्चभन्दा बढी रहोस्, खर्च आयभन्दा बढी नहोस् भन्ने जान्दछ।”

"Just as the goldsmith, or an apprentice of his, knows, on holding up a balance, that by so much it has dipped down, by so much it has tilted up; even so a householder, knowing his income and expenses leads a balanced life, neither extravagant nor miserly, knowing that thus his income will stand in excess of his expenses, but not his expenses in excess of his income."

“सम्यक् दृष्टि कसरी अगुवा हुन्छ? व्यक्तिले मिथ्या आजीविकालाई मिथ्या आजीविका भनेर र सम्यक् आजीविकालाई सम्यक् आजीविका भनेर बुझ्छ। मिथ्या आजीविका के हो? छलयोजना बनाउनु, फकाउनु, सङ्केत गरेर माग्नु, होच्याउनु र लाभद्वारा थप लाभ खोज्नु। यही मिथ्या आजीविका हो…

"And how is right view the forerunner? One discerns wrong livelihood as wrong livelihood, and right livelihood as right livelihood. And what is wrong livelihood? Scheming, persuading, hinting, belittling, & pursuing gain with gain. This is wrong livelihood...

“व्यक्तिले मिथ्या आजीविका त्याग्न र सम्यक् आजीविकामा प्रविष्ट हुन प्रयत्न गर्छ: यही उसको सम्यक् व्यायाम हो। मिथ्या आजीविका त्याग्न र सम्यक् आजीविकामा प्रविष्ट भएर त्यसमा रहन ऊ स्मृतिमान् रहन्छ: यही उसको सम्यक् स्मृति हो। यसरी यी तीन गुण—सम्यक् दृष्टि, सम्यक् व्यायाम र सम्यक् स्मृति—सम्यक् आजीविकाको वरिपरि चल्छन् र घुम्छन्।”

"One tries to abandon wrong livelihood & to enter into right livelihood: This is one's right effort. One is mindful to abandon wrong livelihood & to enter & remain in right livelihood: This is one's right mindfulness. Thus these three qualities — right view, right effort, & right mindfulness — run & circle around right livelihood."

“उपासकले पाँच प्रकारका व्यापार गर्नु हुँदैन। कुन पाँच? हतियारको व्यापार, मानिसको व्यापार, मासुको व्यापार, मादक पदार्थको व्यापार र विषको व्यापार।”

"A lay follower should not engage in five types of business. Which five? Business in weapons, business in human beings, business in meat, business in intoxicants, and business in poison."

…अङ्गका लक्षण पढ्नु [जस्तै हस्तरेखा]; शकुन र सङ्केत पढ्नु; आकाशीय घटनाको अर्थ लगाउनु [उल्का, धूमकेतु]; सपनाको अर्थ लगाउनु; शरीरका चिह्न पढ्नु [जस्तै टाउकाको आकारबाट स्वभाव बताउनु]; मुसाले टोकेको कपडाका चिह्न पढ्नु; अग्निमा आहुति, चम्चाबाट आहुति, भुस, चामलको पिठो, चामलका गेडा, घिउ र तेलका आहुति दिनु; मुखबाट आहुति दिनु; रक्तबलि दिनु; औँलाका टुप्पाका आधारमा भविष्यवाणी गर्नु; भूमिको लक्षणबाट फलादेश गर्नु; चिहानमा प्रेत शान्त पार्नु; आत्माहरूमाथि मन्त्र लगाउनु; घरको रक्षाका मन्त्र पढ्नु; सर्प वशमा पार्नु, विषविद्या, बिच्छीविद्या, मुसाविद्या, पक्षीविद्या, कागविद्या; देखिएका दृश्यका आधारमा भविष्य बताउनु; रक्षामन्त्र दिनु; चराचुरुङ्गी र जनावरको आवाजको अर्थ लगाउनु… [सूची अझै लामो छ]

... reading marks on the limbs [e.g., palmistry]; reading omens and signs; interpreting celestial events [falling stars, comets]; interpreting dreams; reading marks on the body [e.g., phrenology]; reading marks on cloth gnawed by mice; offering fire oblations, oblations from a ladle, oblations of husks, rice powder, rice grains, ghee, and oil; offering oblations from the mouth; offering blood-sacrifices; making predictions based on the fingertips; geomancy; laying demons in a cemetery; placing spells on spirits; reciting house-protection charms; snake charming, poison-lore, scorpion-lore, rat-lore, bird-lore, crow-lore; fortune-telling based on visions; giving protective charms; interpreting the calls of birds and animals ... [The list goes on and on]

त्यसपछि ग्रामणी योधाजीव भगवान् भएको ठाउँमा गए। पुगेपछि वन्दना गरेर एकातिर बसे। बसेपछि उनले भगवान्लाई भने: “भन्ते, योद्धाहरूको पुरानो गुरुशिष्यपरम्परामा यस्तो भनाइ चलिआएको मैले सुनेको छु: ‘योद्धाले युद्धमा प्रयत्न र परिश्रम गरिरहेको बेला अरूले उसलाई प्रहार गरेर मारे भने, शरीरको विघटनपछि, मृत्युपश्चात् ऊ युद्धमा मारिएका देवताहरूको समूहमा पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ।’ यसबारे भगवान् के भन्नुहुन्छ?”

Then Yodhajiva the headman went to the Blessed One and, on arrival, having bowed down to him, sat to one side. As he was sitting there he said to the Blessed One: "Lord, I have heard that it has been passed down by the ancient teaching lineage of warriors that 'When a warrior strives & exerts himself in battle, if others then strike him down & slay him while he is striving & exerting himself in battle, then with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in the company of devas slain in battle.' What does the Blessed One have to say about that?"

“बस, ग्रामणी, त्यो कुरा छोड। मलाई त्यो नसोध।”

"Enough, headman, put that aside. Don't ask me that."

दोस्रो पटक… तेस्रो पटक ग्रामणी योधाजीवले भने: “भन्ते, योद्धाहरूको पुरानो गुरुशिष्यपरम्परामा यस्तो भनाइ चलिआएको मैले सुनेको छु: ‘योद्धाले युद्धमा प्रयत्न र परिश्रम गरिरहेको बेला अरूले उसलाई प्रहार गरेर मारे भने, शरीरको विघटनपछि, मृत्युपश्चात् ऊ युद्धमा मारिएका देवताहरूको समूहमा पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ।’ यसबारे भगवान् के भन्नुहुन्छ?”

A second time... A third time Yodhajiva the headman said: "Lord, I have heard that it has been passed down by the ancient teaching lineage of warriors that 'When a warrior strives & exerts himself in battle, if others then strike him down & slay him while he is striving & exerting himself in battle, then with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in the company of devas slain in battle.' What does the Blessed One have to say about that?"

“ग्रामणी, ‘बस, ग्रामणी, त्यो कुरा छोड। मलाई त्यो नसोध’ भनेर पनि मैले तिमीलाई रोक्न सकिनँ जस्तो छ। त्यसैले अब उत्तर दिन्छु। योद्धाले युद्धमा प्रयत्न र परिश्रम गर्दा उसको मन यस विचारले पहिले नै कब्जा गरेको, तल गिराएको र गलत दिशामा लगेको हुन्छ: ‘यी प्राणी प्रहार गरिऊन्, मारिऊन्, सखाप पारिऊन् वा नष्ट होऊन्। यिनीहरूको अस्तित्व नरहोस्।’ यसरी युद्धमा प्रयत्न र परिश्रम गरिरहेको बेला अरूले उसलाई प्रहार गरेर मारे भने शरीरको विघटनपछि, मृत्युपश्चात् ऊ युद्धमा मारिएकाहरूको क्षेत्र भनिने नरकमा पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ। तर उसले यस्तो दृष्टि राख्छ भने: ‘योद्धाले युद्धमा प्रयत्न र परिश्रम गरिरहेको बेला अरूले उसलाई प्रहार गरेर मारे भने, शरीरको विघटनपछि, मृत्युपश्चात् ऊ युद्धमा मारिएका देवताहरूको समूहमा पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ।’ त्यो उसको मिथ्या दृष्टि हो। म भन्छु, मिथ्या दृष्टि भएको व्यक्तिका दुई गति छन्: नरक वा तिर्यक् योनि।”

"Apparently, headman, I haven't been able to get past you by saying, 'Enough, headman, put that aside. Don't ask me that.' So I will simply answer you. When a warrior strives & exerts himself in battle, his mind is already seized, debased, & misdirected by the thought: 'May these beings be struck down or slaughtered or annihilated or destroyed. May they not exist.' If others then strike him down & slay him while he is thus striving & exerting himself in battle, then with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in the hell called the realm of those slain in battle. But if he holds such a view as this: 'When a warrior strives & exerts himself in battle, if others then strike him down & slay him while he is striving & exerting himself in battle, then with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in the company of devas slain in battle,' that is his wrong view. Now, there are two destinations for a person with wrong view, I tell you: either hell or the animal womb."

यो सुनेपछि ग्रामणी योधाजीव भक्कानिएर रुन थाले। [भगवान्ले भन्नुभयो:] “यही कारणले ‘बस, ग्रामणी, त्यो कुरा छोड। मलाई त्यो नसोध’ भनेर मैले तिमीलाई रोक्न खोजेको थिएँ।”

When this was said, Yodhajiva the headman sobbed & burst into tears. [The Blessed One said:] "That is what I couldn't get past you by saying, 'Enough, headman, put that aside. Don't ask me that.'"

“भन्ते, भगवान्ले मलाई भन्नुभएको कुराले म रोएको होइन। तर यसो भन्ने योद्धाहरूको पुरानो गुरुशिष्यपरम्पराले लामो समयदेखि मलाई छलेको, ठगेको र मूर्ख बनाएको रहेछ भनेर रोएको हुँ: ‘योद्धाले युद्धमा प्रयत्न र परिश्रम गरिरहेको बेला अरूले उसलाई प्रहार गरेर मारे भने, शरीरको विघटनपछि, मृत्युपश्चात् ऊ युद्धमा मारिएका देवताहरूको समूहमा पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ।’

"I'm not crying, lord, because of what the Blessed One said to me, but simply because I have been deceived, cheated, & fooled for a long time by that ancient teaching lineage of warriors who said: 'When a warrior strives & exerts himself in battle, if others then strike him down & slay him while he is striving & exerting himself in battle, then with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in the company of devas slain in battle.'

त्यसपछि नाट्यमण्डलीका प्रमुख तालपुट भगवान् भएको ठाउँमा गए। पुगेपछि वन्दना गरेर एकातिर बसे। बसेपछि उनले भगवान्लाई भने: “भन्ते, अभिनेताहरूको पुरानो गुरुशिष्यपरम्परामा यस्तो भनाइ चलिआएको मैले सुनेको छु: ‘उत्सवका बीच मञ्चमा अभिनेताले वास्तविकताको अनुकरण गरेर मानिसहरूलाई हँसाउँछ र आनन्द दिन्छ भने, शरीरको विघटनपछि, मृत्युपश्चात् ऊ हँसिला देवताहरूको समूहमा पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ।’ यसबारे भगवान् के भन्नुहुन्छ?”

Then Talaputa, the head of an acting troupe, went to the Blessed One and, on arrival, having bowed down to him, sat to one side. As he was sitting there he said to the Blessed One: "Lord, I have heard that it has been passed down by the ancient teaching lineage of actors that 'When an actor on the stage, in the midst of a festival, makes people laugh & gives them delight with his imitation of reality, then with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in the company of the laughing devas.' What does the Blessed One have to say about that?"

“बस, ग्रामणी, त्यो कुरा छोड। मलाई त्यो नसोध।”

"Enough, headman, put that aside. Don't ask me that."

दोस्रो पटक… तेस्रो पटक नाट्यमण्डलीका प्रमुख तालपुटले भने: “भन्ते, अभिनेताहरूको पुरानो गुरुशिष्यपरम्परामा यस्तो भनाइ चलिआएको मैले सुनेको छु: ‘उत्सवका बीच मञ्चमा अभिनेताले वास्तविकताको अनुकरण गरेर मानिसहरूलाई हँसाउँछ र आनन्द दिन्छ भने, शरीरको विघटनपछि, मृत्युपश्चात् ऊ हँसिला देवताहरूको समूहमा पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ।’ यसबारे भगवान् के भन्नुहुन्छ?”

A second time... A third time Talaputa, the head of an acting troupe, said: "Lord, I have heard that it has been passed down by the ancient teaching lineage of actors that 'When an actor on the stage, in the midst of a festival, makes people laugh & gives them delight with his imitation of reality, then with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in the company of the laughing devas.' What does the Blessed One have to say about that?"

“ग्रामणी, ‘बस, ग्रामणी, त्यो कुरा छोड। मलाई त्यो नसोध’ भनेर पनि मैले तिमीलाई रोक्न सकिनँ जस्तो छ। त्यसैले अब उत्तर दिन्छु। जो प्राणी पहिल्यै रागरहित छैनन्, रागको बन्धनमा बाँधिएका छन्, तिनले उत्सवका बीच मञ्चमा अभिनेताले प्रस्तुत गरेका राग जगाउने कुरामा अझ बढी रागसहित ध्यान दिन्छन्। जो प्राणी पहिल्यै द्वेषरहित छैनन्, द्वेषको बन्धनमा बाँधिएका छन्, तिनले उत्सवका बीच मञ्चमा अभिनेताले प्रस्तुत गरेका द्वेष जगाउने कुरामा अझ बढी द्वेषसहित ध्यान दिन्छन्। जो प्राणी पहिल्यै मोहरहित छैनन्, मोहको बन्धनमा बाँधिएका छन्, तिनले उत्सवका बीच मञ्चमा अभिनेताले प्रस्तुत गरेका मोह जगाउने कुरामा अझ बढी मोहसहित ध्यान दिन्छन्। यसरी अभिनेता—आफैँ मदमत्त र प्रमत्त भएर, अरूलाई पनि मदमत्त र प्रमत्त बनाएर—शरीरको विघटनपछि, मृत्युपश्चात् हास्य भनिने नरकमा पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ। तर उसले यस्तो दृष्टि राख्छ भने: ‘उत्सवका बीच मञ्चमा अभिनेताले वास्तविकताको अनुकरण गरेर मानिसहरूलाई हँसाउँछ र आनन्द दिन्छ भने, शरीरको विघटनपछि, मृत्युपश्चात् ऊ हँसिला देवताहरूको समूहमा पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ।’ त्यो उसको मिथ्या दृष्टि हो। म भन्छु, मिथ्या दृष्टि भएको व्यक्तिका दुई गति छन्: नरक वा तिर्यक् योनि।”

"Apparently, headman, I haven't been able to get past you by saying, 'Enough, headman, put that aside. Don't ask me that.' So I will simply answer you. Any beings who are not devoid of passion to begin with, who are bound by the bond of passion, focus with even more passion on things inspiring passion presented by an actor on stage in the midst of a festival. Any beings who are not devoid of aversion to begin with, who are bound by the bond of aversion, focus with even more aversion on things inspiring aversion presented by an actor on stage in the midst of a festival. Any beings who are not devoid of delusion to begin with, who are bound by the bond of delusion, focus with even more delusion on things inspiring delusion presented by an actor on stage in the midst of a festival. Thus the actor — himself intoxicated & heedless, having made others intoxicated & heedless — with the breakup of the body, after death, is reborn in what is called the hell of laughter. But if he holds such a view as this: 'When an actor on the stage, in the midst of a festival, makes people laugh & gives them delight with his imitation of reality, then with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in the company of the laughing devas,' that is his wrong view. Now, there are two destinations for a person with wrong view, I tell you: either hell or the animal womb."

यो सुनेपछि नाट्यमण्डलीका प्रमुख तालपुट भक्कानिएर रुन थाले। [भगवान्ले भन्नुभयो:] “यही कारणले ‘बस, ग्रामणी, त्यो कुरा छोड। मलाई त्यो नसोध’ भनेर मैले तिमीलाई रोक्न खोजेको थिएँ।”

When this was said, Talaputa, the head of an acting troupe, sobbed & burst into tears. [The Blessed One said:] "That is what I couldn't get past you by saying, 'Enough, headman, put that aside. Don't ask me that.'"

“भन्ते, भगवान्ले मलाई भन्नुभएको कुराले म रोएको होइन। तर यसो भन्ने अभिनेताहरूको पुरानो गुरुशिष्यपरम्पराले लामो समयदेखि मलाई छलेको, ठगेको र मूर्ख बनाएको रहेछ भनेर रोएको हुँ: ‘उत्सवका बीच मञ्चमा अभिनेताले वास्तविकताको अनुकरण गरेर मानिसहरूलाई हँसाउँछ र आनन्द दिन्छ भने, शरीरको विघटनपछि, मृत्युपश्चात् ऊ हँसिला देवताहरूको समूहमा पुनर्जन्म लिन्छ।’

"I'm not crying, lord, because of what the Blessed One said to me, but simply because I have been deceived, cheated, & fooled for a long time by that ancient teaching lineage of actors who said: 'When an actor on the stage, in the midst of a festival, makes people laugh & gives them delight with his imitation of reality, then with the breakup of the body, after death, he is reborn in the company of the laughing devas.'